Designed To Support Healthy Function Of Bone, Cartilage & Tendon!
Bone Boost is a carefully formulated combination of ingredients designed to strengthen and improve the function of bone, cartilage, and tendon. Below we'll take a look at each of the components of Bone Boost and see how they function to improve the health of connective tissue. Its first ingredient is called:
Cissus quadrangularis
Cissus quadrangularis is an ancient medicinal plant native to the hotter parts of Ceylon and India. It was prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic texts as a general tonic. Modern research has shed light on Cissus' ability to help support bone health by showing it acts as a glucocorticoid antagonist (1,2). Since anabolic/androgenic compounds are well known to act as antagonists to the glucocorticoid receptor as well as promote good bone health, it has been postulated that Cissus possesses anabolic and/or androgenic properties (1,3).
The typical recommended daily dosage of Cissus extract is between 500 and 1000 mg, depending on the concentration of the extract. For the powder of the dried plant, the Ayurvedic texts recommend a dosage of 3 to 6 grams. Safety studies in rats showed no toxic effects at dosages as high as 2000 mg/kg of body weight. So not only is Cissus efficacious, it is also quite safe, in either the dried powder form or the commercially available extract.
MSM
MSM, or methylsulfonylmethane is a chemical cousin (a metabolite, actually) of the familiar compound DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), but lacks the unpleasant garlic like odor of typical DMSO. MSM has been used experimentally in association with an overactive immune response, including allergies. It is the latter that is of particular interest to us.
Glucosamine HCL
Glucosamine is a so-called aminomonosaccharide, consisting of a combination of glutamine and glucose. Glucosamine taken orally is concentrated in joint cartilage where the body uses it as a substrate for cartilage glucosaminoglycan synthesis. Reviews of the clinical trials and metaanalyses support the efficacy of glucosamine to support joint health. Besides serving as a building block for articular cartilage, glucosamine has been shown to suppress the formation of the compounds PGE(2) and nitric oxide produced by immune cells (This is not to be confused with the nitric oxide produced by working muscles and NO supplements. The latter two act as vasodilators and are beneficial for blood and nutrient delivery to exercising muscle.)
Chondroitin Sulfate
Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is a polysaccharide consisting of linear repeating units of galactosamine and glucoronic acid. CS is found in human bone, cartilage, skin, cornea and arterial walls. Whereas glucosamine is primarily thought to promote the repair and formation of cartilage, CS is believed to promote water retention and elasticity in cartilage and inhibit enzymes that break down cartilage (4).
MCHC
Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite Concentrate (MCHC) is a highly bioavailable source of calcium and phosphorus, the mineral building blocks of bone. MCHC is the actual matrix that makes up much of the bones' structure and provides over 45 whole bone proteins. Supplementing with MCHC provides calcium, phosphorus, and trace amounts of other minerals. As with Cissus, research has shown MCHC to be effective in supporting bone health. For this reason it may be of particular interest to those subject to stress associated with physical training, or simply the stress of everyday life. Although alternate forms of calcium are available for supplementation, such as calcium carbonate, MCHC based calcium supplementation has been shown to have better effects on bone density than other forms of calcium (5,6).
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D is well known as a hormone involved in mineral metabolism and bone growth. Its best-known effect is to facilitate intestinal absorption of calcium, although it also stimulates absorption of phosphate and magnesium ions (7,8). In the absence of vitamin D, dietary calcium is not absorbed efficiently. Vitamin D stimulates the expression of a number of proteins involved in transporting calcium from the interior (lumen) of the intestine, across the epithelial cells and into blood. The best studied of these calcium transporters is calbindin, an intracellular protein that shuttles calcium across the intestinal epithelial cell.
Numerous effects of vitamin D on bone have been demonstrated. As a transcriptional regulator of bone matrix proteins, it induces the expression of osteocalcin and suppresses synthesis of type I collagen. In cell cultures, vitamin D stimulates differentiation of osteoclasts, cells involved in bone metabolism. However, studies of humans and animals with vitamin D deficiency or mutations in the vitamin D receptor suggest that these effects are perhaps not of major physiologic importance, and that the crucial effect of vitamin D on bone is to provide the proper balance of calcium and phosphorus to support mineralization. As a component of Bone Boost, Vitamin D improves the already high bioavailability of MCHC.
Besides aiding mineral transport and possibly modulating the activity of bone and collagen producing cells, an interesting new function of Vitamin D is being investigated. We are all quite familiar with the importance of estrogen to bone strength. Research has shown that vitamin D may increase aromatase activity within bone itself, enhancing the local conversion of androgens to estrogens in both men and women. This process does not increase plasma levels of estrogen, but rather limits its production and concentration to bone. (9).
References cited:
- Chopra SS, Patel MR, Awadhiya RP. Studies of Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair : a histopathological study Indian J Med Res. 1976 Sep;64(9):1365-8
- Chopra SS, Patel MR, Gupta LP, Datta IC. Studies on Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair: effect on chemical parameters in blood Indian J Med Res. 1975 Jun;63(6):824-8.
- PRASAD GC, UDUPA KN. EFFECT OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS ON THE... Indian J Med Res. 1963 Jul;51:667-76.
- Parcell S. Sulfur in human nutrition and applications in medicine. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Feb;7(1):22-44
- Ruegsegger P, Keller A, Dambacher MA Comparison of the treatment effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound and calcium carbonate in osteoporotic females. Osteoporos Int 1995;5:30-4.
- Albertazzi P, Steel SA, Howarth EM, Purdie DW. Comparison of the effects of two different types of calcium supplementation on markers of bone metabolism in a postmenopausal osteopenic population with low calcium intake: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Climacteric. 2004 Mar;7(1):33-40.
- DeLuca HF and Zierold C. Mechanisms and functions of vitamin D. Nutr Rev 1998;56:S4-10.
- Reichel H, Koeffler H, Norman AW. The role of vitamin D endocrine system in health and... N Engl J Med 1989;320:980-91.
- Yanase T, Suzuki S, Goto K, Nomura M, Okabe T, Takayanagi R, Nawata H. Aromatase in bone: roles of Vitamin D3 and androgens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Sep;86(3-5):393-7.
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