Hammer Nutrition: Perpetuem

Carbohydrates - As with all Hammer Nutrition fuels, we never add simple sugars to the carbohydrate profile. Perpetuem contains a specific maltodextrin, which provides nearly 87% of its caloric composition in long chain carbohydrates.*

Protein - A new calcium-enhanced soy protein isolate known as "XT" makes up nearly 10% of the caloric profile of Perpetuem, the same percentage as has been suggested in some studies to be cannibalized during long slow endurance workouts.* This particular soy protein contains a very high amount of intact, cardiovascular-supporting isoflavones.*

Fat - A de-oiled "super lecithin" (extracted from the soybean) is ideal for consistently and reliably fueling the body and optimizing energy production from stored fatty acids.*

Sweetener - We use Energy Smart, the same healthy sweetener in Hammer Gel, in Perpetuem. This gives Perpetuem a mellow-orange "Dreamsicle" flavor.

Additional Nutrients -

Tribasic Sodium Phosphate (TSP), the main nutrient found in Race Day Boost, is included in a specific, hourly-effective dose.* TSP is an exceptional buffering agent that may help reduce the effects of excess lactic acid during exercise and helps to promote increased endurance by balancing the acid/alkaline levels in the blood.*

Chromium Polynicotinate is a trace mineral to support carbohydrate metabolism.* Since all carbohydrates are eventually reduced in the body to simple glucose (the body's primary source of energy), Chromium Polynicotinate encourages the go-between action by "plugging" serum glucose from the bloodstream directly to the muscle cell.*

L-Carnitine, an amino acid cousin, acts as a transporter of fatty acids into muscle mitochondrial cells where the muscle fuels are burned for energy production.* Most of us carry at least 85,000-90,000 calories of energy in fatty-acid stores. If the body is depleted or low in L-Carnitine, our fatty acid reserves are unavailable because they lack sufficient amounts of this carrier agent.

Choline Bitartrate, a member of the B-complex family, also functions at the cellular level, helping the body access its stored fatty acids for energy conversion.*

Carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide from the amino acids histidine and alanine, functions primarily to buffer lactate buildup in muscle structures and acts as a multiple free-radical scavenging antioxidant.* A modest electrolyte profile is also included in Perpetuem.