Work each body part out no more than once every 5-7 days. I stick to once every 7 days, as it gives more time for rest and growth, and also makes scheduling workouts easier.

If possible, work 1-2 body parts per workout, 3 at the utmost. Keep your workout under 1 1/2 hours in length, preferably under 1 hour. Total sets per body part per workout should be kept around 9-12. Arrange your exercises to go from compound movements, which involve multiple muscles, to isolation movements employing only a few muscles. As such, always start your workout with your major exercise, be it bench press, squat, deadlift, pull-ups, military press, or another powerful, compound movement. Remember, go from large to small when it comes to exercises. Always go to failure on your last set of an exercise. You should reach failure or near failure on your preceding workout sets, but always go to failure on your last set.

Observe good form, always. It is alright to let your form loosen some later in your set, but make sure you can get at least 6 reps with near perfect form before you "cheat" a little. Even then, it should be very slight, and still "good form", no ass-in-the-air on bench, or body swing on curls. If you have to cheat, the weight is too damn heavy for you. There is no shame in acknowledging your level of strength, if the weight is too heavy, lower it some, you're guaranteed a better workout, and better gains.

Workouts

For the purposes of lifting lets divided the body into 9 parts, the shoulders, chest, back, legs, calves, biceps, triceps, forearms, and abdominals. Biceps, Triceps, Forearms, abdominals, are usually not considered "full" body parts, though, and are worked less thoroughly (6 sets at most) than other parts. Split these body parts up into several workouts.

A sample split would be:

Monday
Chest: Flat barbell bench, incline dumbbell bench, flat dumbbell flyes
Triceps: Standing french press w/ tricep bar (or skull crushers), cable press-downs w/ straight bar.

Tuesday
Back: Pull-ups, barbell rows, dumbbell rows (deadlifts instead on heavy days)
Biceps: Barbell curl, incline hammer curls Forearms: Behind the back reverse wrist curls, wrist roller

Wednesday
Rest

Thursday
Shoulders: Standing overhead press, arnold press, rear laterals
Abs: crunches, leg raises

Friday
Legs: SQUATS
Calves: Standing barbell calf raises

Saturday
Rest

Sunday
Rest

Change your workouts every 6-8 weeks, and be sure to experiment. This is not the be-all-end-all of weight training, I've seen people who advocate high volume, low volume, full bodies, all different kinds of styles. For every advanced lifter of one method, you'll likely find an advanced lifter of another. But, I will guarantee you this; eat plenty of good food, rest well, and follow this routine, and you will make great gains in size and strength. You must follow through with all three, following through with 2/3rds of it doesn't get you 2/3rds of the gains, it could get you a lot less! Accept the fact that you've adopted a new lifestyle! If you can't accept bodybuilding as a lifestyle, if it's too time consuming or too expensive or too hard, then forget it! This is not meant for you. A classic physique is not in your future.

Daily Food Intake

Protein: Keep it over 1 gram per lb of bodyweight.

Sources: Chicken, Tuna, Milk, Cheese, Beef, Nuts.